"-o" meaning in Old Polish

See -o in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /ɔ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /ɔ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”). In Proto-Slavic, indefinite neuter adjectives were used as adverbs, but because Polish neuter adjectives descend from the definite neuter, the indefinite neuter suffix was fossilized as the adverbial suffix. Compare Old Polish -e. Etymology templates: {{etymon|zlw-opl|:inh|sla-pro:*-o<id:neuter>|id=adverbial|tree=1}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-o", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }" data-id="adverbial" data-lang="zlw-opl" data-title="-o" id="Old_Polish:_adverbial">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*-o||neuter suffix|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”), {{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*-o|gloss=neuter suffix}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”), {{ncog|zlw-opl|-e}} Old Polish -e Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|suffix}} -o
  1. forms adverbs from adjectives Tags: morpheme Related terms: -ie
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "-o"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*-o<id:neuter>",
        "id": "adverbial",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"adverbial\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"-o\" id=\"Old_Polish:_adverbial\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-o",
        "4": "",
        "5": "neuter suffix",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-o",
        "gloss": "neuter suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "-e"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish -e",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”). In Proto-Slavic, indefinite neuter adjectives were used as adverbs, but because Polish neuter adjectives descend from the definite neuter, the indefinite neuter suffix was fossilized as the adverbial suffix. Compare Old Polish -e.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-o",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 41 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "barzy + -o → barzo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms adverbs from adjectives"
      ],
      "id": "en--o-zlw-opl-suffix-7rnxXLPh",
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "-ie"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-o"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 41 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "-o"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*-o<id:neuter>",
        "id": "adverbial",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"adverbial\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"-o\" id=\"Old_Polish:_adverbial\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-o",
        "4": "",
        "5": "neuter suffix",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-o",
        "gloss": "neuter suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "-e"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish -e",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o (“neuter suffix”). In Proto-Slavic, indefinite neuter adjectives were used as adverbs, but because Polish neuter adjectives descend from the definite neuter, the indefinite neuter suffix was fossilized as the adverbial suffix. Compare Old Polish -e.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-o",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ie"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
        "Old Polish entries with etymon",
        "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Polish lemmas",
        "Old Polish suffixes",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
        "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 41 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymon"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "barzy + -o → barzo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms adverbs from adjectives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-o"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -o meaning in Old Polish (2.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.